In this illustration, NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover uses its drill to core a rock sample on Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
One of the prime objectives of the NASA 2020 Perseverance mission is to collect a diverse cache of rock samples for eventual return to Earth. Among the highest priority rocks to sample are those that make up the well-preserved delta located on the western side of Jezero Crater. This delta was one of the key features that drew researchers to this landing site in their search for ancient Martian life. A close examination of deltaic rocks is essential for understanding their depositional environment and determining whether this paleoenvironment may have been habitable.
Jezero Crater’s Delta Is Getting Closer: The expanse of Jezero Crater’s river delta is shown in this panorama of 64 stitched-together images taken by the Mastcam-Z system on NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover on April 11, 2022, the 406th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
Since landing in Jezero crater last year, the rover has been investigating and drilling crater floor rocks to add to the sample cache. But the rover hadn’t yet had access to the coveted deltaic rocks—until now, that is. After conducting a “rapid traverse” toward the delta, Perseverance finally arrived at the delta front.
Last week the rover parked at a site called Enchanted Lake (see image below), where the team was hopeful we might sample deltaic rocks for the very first time. However, because the rover can only collect a limited number of samples, the team must carefully weigh all options, keeping in mind what has already been sampled as well as attempting to predict what we may encounter along the rest of the traverse. Even though we are eager to drill into the delta, we must exercise caution.
Mars Perseverance Sol 424 – Right Mastcam-Z Camera: Mastcam-Z image of rocks at Enchanted Lake. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU
So, our first action item at Enchanted Lake was to examine the rocks there using the rover’s remote science instruments in order to decide whether they fit the desired criteria for sampling. The rocks at this site displayed many distinct—and interesting!—characteristics compared to the others we have studied thus far in Jezero. Yet after a thorough assessment, the team decided to forego sampling at this location. It was a tough decision to make, but we feel optimistic about the opportunities that lie ahead. The data collected at Enchanted Lake will be used instead to build context for future investigations of the delta.
The rover is now headed east toward a location called Hawksbill Gap, another promising location for sampling the delta. While traversing along the delta front, Perseverance will continue to collect data to help characterize the contact between the crater floor and deltaic rocks before ascending onto the delta itself. But our long-awaited sample of delta rocks? For that, we’ll have to wait just a little bit longer.
Written by Mariah Baker, Planetary Scientist at Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum
